Hi- Each keyword has a different search volume and level of competition, and prices are highly impacted by those numbers. So before knowing how to bid, it is important to look at the keyword you are bidding on. Even long tail keywords can be competitive, and a number of situations can play out. Maybe you need to bid above the recommendation because you want to fight for visibility. Maybe you want to bid 50% less just to test the waters and see where it gets you. No matter what you decide to do, be prepared to learn and react.

I would write it out for you, but my friends at SwellPath already have: http://www.swellpath.com/2015/03/finding-and-excluding-bot-traffic-in-google-analytics/ Enjoy!

Hate to be so short, but look here: https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/

Interesting question. From what you are saying, it makes me wonder what your reason would be for wanting to have your content indexed? If you do decide to do it, you are definitely putting both sites at risk IMO. Even if you take all of the precautions to tag your content as the original source, you will likely be damaging the money site as they would risk losing visibility for the content you are providing. I would want to know a little more about the motives and objectives of each business, but my initial recommendation would be not to do it based on what I see here. It has the potential to damage your business relationship. If you are trying to take the business away for yourself, the answer might be a little different and would need to be very carefully thought out.

This question needs a bit more detail to be answered specifically, but long story short you will need to pay for it. Based on your audience, goals and objectives, you can fine tune the targeting to ensure you are paying for qualified traffic. You can also start cranking out and distributing content, but paying for the traffic is going to cover the 'quickly' part better than any other option.

Hi- This might not be the most popular answer, but I love going with social data in a situation like this. Tools like BuzzSumo, FollowerWonk and Affinio are all ripe with data that can tell you who is active in the space associated with different keywords, topics, etc. That is a general answer. To give you something more specific I ask, what is the exact data you are looking for? Do you know how you are going to apply it? The social data can tell you who these people are, what other topics they like, what content is popular, etc. I love that as a starting point, but would love to know more about your goals and objectives.