If you have not tried buddypress have a look at it and see if it can do for you what you are looking for.

Yes, I second using BuddyPress for this project. BuddyPress by itself probably won't have enough features to meet your needs, but there are many additional add on plugins that you can use to make your recruitment platform feature rich. I've been using it for quite some time as a way to add extra content and also build community on my site artist-at-large.com Feel free to browse through it to see what it does.

I recommend going custom for this stuff. When you start adding plugins for relatively small customized features you end up with a huge mess that will be hard to maintain and could cause bugs in unrelated areas of the site. Creating something like this will be relatively easy with some basic WordPress PHP.

Users can upload attachments from the frontend. Users can also upload post featured image. Easily add your published forms in Gutenberg editor with the WPUF block. When users want to publish forms on a page, they can simply select it from the drop-down included in the dedicated WPUF block for Gutenberg. Enable guests to post from your site frontend without registering with WP User Frontend, the WordPress User Registration Plugin. Allow users to update their posts from the frontend.
You can read more here: https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-user-frontend/#:~:text=WP%20User%20Frontend%20is%20one,%2C%20post%20submissions%2C%20and%20memberships.&text=Unlimited%20post%20type%20form%20creation.
Besides if you do have any questions give me a call: https://clarity.fm/joy-brotonath